Kashmir’s apple orchards, a cornerstone of the Valley’s rural economy, are under scrutiny as lawmakers and medical experts raise alarms over a possible link between prolonged pesticide use and rising cases of malignant brain tumours among orchard workers.

The House Committee on Environment of the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly, chaired by CPM legislator M.Y. Tarigami, met officials, scientists, and health experts to examine health hazards faced by apple farmers. The committee highlighted that farmers, unaware of pesticide toxicity, face serious health risks while supporting an industry that contributes over 70% of India’s apple production.
Evidence from a 2005–2008 study by Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) revealed high incidences of primary brain cancer in core apple-growing districts, including Baramulla, Anantnag, Budgam, Shopian, and Kupwara. The study noted a strong potential link between pesticide exposure and malignant brain tumours, findings that had largely gone unaddressed until now.
Experts noted that chemical use often exceeds recommended limits. Shahid Rasool, principal scientist at CSIR–Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, said orchardists spray fungicides and insecticides every 10–12 days instead of the advised 18–21 days, with many lacking protective gear. Chronic cough, skin rashes, and eye irritation are common among workers, he added.
Physician-researcher Dr. Sobia Nisar from Government Medical College, Srinagar, reported disturbing findings of pesticide residues in the blood of orchard workers and nearby residents, alongside higher rates of metabolic disorders, kidney impairment, and lipid imbalances. Previous studies show that 90% of brain tumour patients from orchard belts had documented pesticide exposure, often linked to aggressive, high-grade tumours.
The House Committee on Environment has urged health and horticulture departments to adopt stronger monitoring, fund research, and ensure worker safety. Tarigami emphasized, “We don’t want to create panic, but when data points to serious health hazards, it cannot be ignored. Protective measures and safer practices must be enforced immediately.”
The committee is expected to recommend policy interventions aimed at reducing pesticide exposure, promoting protective equipment, and funding long-term health studies, aiming to safeguard both farmers’ health and the Valley’s vital apple industry.