Until the end of 320 Bc in Athens , the solid wastes where thrown unpaved on the open fields and were getting accumulated either on paths ,patches or on the grounds vigorously. However when such things were performed daily , so at the end a law forbidding about these throwing were made and become a blessing for the whole ecology. But we shouldn't forget that Islam had already given us lessons and teaches the concepts regarding environment protection and management of solid waste in the proper way.

After then the system of waste removal and management starts in then Greece cites and in the Romans the property holders were responsible for cleaning their respective areas or streets while making any specialty of these things. But these things were not so organized and were in some sort of haphazard manner , However the Organised system were associated only with state sponsored events not else than that. And while performing any kind of disposal, it was collected and then put into the open pits just outside communities. But with the going time efforts were made more and the disposal was done far from population area.
This very small contribution or works regarding disposal also has start to decline when the Rome Empire got vanished. Until 14th century scavengers where given the job to dispose wastes or put them in the pits but outside city & in 1714 England city contained some official scavengers. And at the end of 18th century, American municipal system founded first garbage center in the Bonston in New York city and Philadelphia. Within these systems, the waste disposal things were still crude and rudimentary but the dumping of wastes was just wondering by putting them in the pits along river banks.
Developments in the Waste Management
A mature and responsible approach about the management of solid wastes begin in the later part of 19th century , as watertight cans were used to collect the solid waste and in many areas of United States Sturdier vehicles were used to amass & transport solid wastes at fixed patches. However a significant and valuable development was seen regarding the waste management, when the city of England got the construction of first refuse incinerator in the year if 1874. And by the beginning of 20th century, 15% of American big cities has got incinerating plants , however many are using previous equipment’s but the weightage of disposal is same.
While the going of time, the technology management of wastes also has been getting advanced and the many more instruments has come between the inception and disposal of wastes, like garbage grinders, compaction trucks and the pneumatic pipe system came into place, as disposing of wastes in the open fields creates more pollution , havocs environment & jeopardized health of the living beings. For this a new system of has been processed, which is more advanced and shield guard for any inconvenience of environment , I;e sanitary landfill system.
This system replaces the incinerations and dumping of wastes in open , which is really a mammoth system to mitigate adulterate of environment. However the use of sanitary landfills protects and guards environment from the noxious effects as emitted by Incinerators and dumping and these landfills are well equipped. Now a days, the Incinerators are also made in such form, which deplete heats to go outside and have extensive air pollution control devices to satisfy the stringent quality of air. And now in the modern times , solid waste management plants are emphasized with recycling and waste reduction chambers at the sources.
Solid Waste Characteristics
There are different kinds of solid wastes due to its different source of emitting and exemption. These wastes may be from residential houses , commercial properties , industries , institutions etc . However the main character and most decisive character which will make huge difference between them is, hazardous behavior and nonhazardous nature. The hazardous wastes are collected in the proper paved way, then disposed or recycled in the keen approach, a small mishandle may cause huge or grieve damage , so one has to been very heedful and perform these things in well subordination and technological ways. These hazardous have good sources but not as much as nonhazardous have , because these are emitted from many and Common sources , so for a common management and at individual level one can easily manage non-hazardous wastes , if follow the procedure in the very ethic way.
The non-hazardous wastes while collected, should be segregated and divide them into wet and dry chambers, those who are wet should get decomposed into some manure form but those which are dry should be used for some other purpose after recycling.
This may also contain the garbage and rubbish components , however the garbage is compostable while as the trash or we can say rubbish is recycled and then turned for other equipment’s , as they aren't hazardous , so those can be recycled and then reused for other purposes. Such like trash adds about 20% of MSW in the USA in the municipal solid wastes. Such kind of waste is specifically called as construction and demolition ( C & D) process and are verily process across many developed nations.
The generation of the solid wastes varies from nation to nation as populace of the respective area have different behavior and approaching towards environment , so there may be difference in the generation of wastes at every nation level. Let we take an example of different nations , as America has very low wastes of paper than the nations of Japan , Europe . Or we can emphasize example of India, it has more wastes of plastics than other, so behavior of people and coordination of people with environment makes variation in the generation of wastes. (To Be Continued)

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