Article 370 of the Indian constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, a region located in the northern part of Indian subcontinent and part of the larger region of Kashmir which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan and China since 1947. Jammu and Kashmir were administered by India as a state from 1952 to 31 Oct 2019, and Article 370 conferred on it the power to have a separate constitution, a state flag, and autonomy of internal administration. And Section 35(a) gives the Jammu & Kashmir Legislature full discretionary power to decide who the ‘permanent residents’ of the state are. It gives them special rights and privileges regarding employment with the state govt, acquisition of property in the state, settling in the state, and the right to scholarships and other forms of aid that the state government provides. It also allows the state legislature to impose any restrictions upon persons other than the permanent residents regarding the above. To guarantee these special rights and privileges, the Article says no act of the state legislature that comes under it can be challenged for violating the Constitution or any other laws.

Article 370 was revoked on August 5 2019, when the Bill was passed with more than two-thirds majority in both houses of Parliament, through the laid down democratic process in consultation with Sadr-e-Riyasat vested in the Governor of the state. The Bill divided the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two separate Union Territories (UTs), J&K being one and Ladakh being the other UT. The Tricolour in the state signifies complete integration as ''One Nation, One Constitution and One Flag''. It is an internal matter of India, which was essential for inclusive growth and development of the state.
This reform of Articles 370 and 35(a) was due for long and were hurting India and common people of J&K since inclusion. These provisions were being misused by few separatists, local politicians, elite social giants, terrorists and their supporters, at the cost of spreading inequality, depriving locals legally, welfare related rights to common people of Kashmir. It helped the agenda of Pakistan and terrorists, by forcibly pushing out some natives like Kashmiri Pandits with use of sheer power and left them helpless. Poverty, illiteracy and misguided minds hence terror industry bloomed. "KURBAN ho jana, par enHindustanion ko surrender mat karna", these were the words of the parents of a militant trapped in an army cordon. Where did this ideology bloomed, where death of their son is acceptable but second chance in life is not ? Indeed, these power mongers will cry foul and indeed do their best to gain it even at the cost of human life. Pakistan's fear is that declaration of J&K as UT will expose its terrorists fueling proxy war in Kashmir and his own pawns will be flushed out of the system.
The ‘Himayatis’ will be exposed to SF and law, and its terror industry/infrastructure built in Kashmir over decades will go down to ashes. Pakistan Army, ISI and politicians have enjoyed power, on their foul cries of efforts of Kashmir's azadi so far; hence the Indian action hindered their overall plan. China's disagreement is from the fact that Ladakh becoming a UT weakens their claims in that region, besides weakening Pakistan's proxy to create disturbance on their behalf. Pakistan waged hybrid war with a large number of terrorists already infiltrated, along with separatists instigating violence, coupled with CFV at LoC in the last few decades, resulting in huge causalities on either side. Its efforts to re-ignite hybrid war post Article 370 have not succeeded because of professionalism and alertness of Indian security forces and restrictions on mobile and internet.Kashmir is an integral part of India and various measures to boost the economy and providing security to the local populace of the state are being undertaken to instill confidence amongst local population. It is high time that the people throw away the mantle of long-term suffering through the hands of terrorists and work together for a brighter future.