Srinagar, Nov 10: With winter setting in, people need to take extra precautions against respiratory infections, cardiac disorders and neurological conditions, including stroke, renowned pulmonologist Professor Dr Naveed Nazir Shah has advised.

Dr Shah said falling temperatures and reduced humidity could weaken local immune defences and increase the risk of infections. Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma may experience worsening symptoms during seasonal changes, while children and elderly people remain particularly vulnerable.
He advised people, especially children and senior citizens, to avoid unnecessary exposure to extreme cold. Those stepping outdoors should cover their nose and mouth to reduce exposure to cold air.
Patients with existing respiratory conditions should undergo an annual medical check-up before winter to ensure their treatment is properly adjusted and the risk of complications is minimised, he said.
Emphasising the importance of nutrition and hydration, Dr Shah urged people to maintain a balanced diet containing essential carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and antioxidants. He also cautioned against reducing water intake during winter, saying adequate hydration supports overall health.
He stressed that influenza and pneumonia vaccinations are particularly important for high-risk individuals, as they can help reduce the risk of serious infections and complications.
On physical activity, Dr Shah said morning walks were beneficial but advised people to choose relatively warmer hours and cover their nose and mouth while outdoors. With air quality often deteriorating during winter, he recommended indoor exercise as a safer alternative to outdoor workouts.
Warning against self-medication, Dr Shah said indiscriminate use of antibiotics, anti-cold medicines and cough syrups could cause long-term harm. Most winter infections are viral and do not require antibiotics, he said, adding that treatment should be based on medical advice and individual symptoms.
He urged people to avoid taking medicines without consulting a qualified medical professional.