"Agar Firdos Ba Roye Zameen Ast, Hameen Ast, Hameen Ast, Hameen Ast" (If there is Paradise on Earth, it is here, it is here, it is here). This famous Persian verse by Amir Khusrow has long been associated with the breathtaking beauty of Kashmir. Nestled in the northernmost part of India, Kashmir is often likened to a slice of paradise on Earth. Its lush green forests, majestic mountains, pristine landscapes, and gushing waters have captivated the hearts of poets, travelers, and residents alike. However, beneath this veneer of natural splendor lies a stark reality: the paradise is under threat. Kashmir’s beauty is unparalleled and seems almost ethereal. The dense, verdant forests provide a serene habitat for a variety of flora and fauna, while the towering Himalayas stand as silent sentinels, their snow-capped peaks touching the heavens. The region's rivers and lakes, such as the iconic Dal Lake and Wular Lake, reflect the sky and mountains, creating a mirror-like spectacle that is nothing short of magical. Every corner of this land is a testament to the grace of Almighty Allah, a divine arrangement where human intervention seems minimal.

Despite its heavenly beauty, Kashmir is grappling with severe environmental issues. The green grass meadows are gradually being converted into dumping sites for plastic and other waste materials, and the land is losing its fertility. Regular deforestation and rapid urbanization are eroding the natural landscape, leading to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. The once pristine water bodies are now choked with pollutants, and the air quality is deteriorating due to increasing vehicular and industrial emissions. One of the most pressing issues is plastic pollution. The ubiquitous use of plastic has led to the accumulation of non-biodegradable waste in the region. From tourist spots to local markets, plastic waste is a common sight. This not only mars the scenic beauty of the region but also poses significant health and environmental hazards. Wildlife often falls victim to plastic ingestion, and the soil quality deteriorates as microplastics seep into the ground. According to the Forest Survey of India, only 10.46% of Jammu and Kashmir's land remains forested, with approximately 14,000 hectares encroached upon. Deforestation, primarily driven by urban expansion and illegal logging, triggers soil erosion and increases the frequency of floods. The loss of forest cover also means a reduction in natural habitats for wildlife, which in turn affects biodiversity. Urbanization brings with it concrete jungles that replace the natural landscape, altering the ecological balance and contributing to climate change
Water pollution is another critical issue. Human and animal waste disposal, coupled with industrial effluents, has led to the contamination of water bodies. Dal Lake, once the jewel of Srinagar, is now shrinking and suffering from severe pollution. The unchecked growth of aquatic weeds and the deposition of silt and waste have degraded the water quality, affecting the livelihoods of those who depend on it. Similar conditions are observed in Wular Lake and other water bodies in the region. The rise in air pollution levels, fueled by practices like stubble burning and improper waste disposal, has added to the environmental burden. The rapid melting of glaciers, with some losing up to 35 cm in thickness annually, is particularly alarming. This not only impacts water availability but also poses a threat to agriculture, energy production, and overall climate stability. The consequences of glacier melt are far-reaching, affecting the region’s hydrology and contributing to global sea-level rise.
The often-quoted verse praising Kashmir’s beauty must go beyond mere recitation. It is imperative to translate words into action to conserve the natural wealth of this region. World Environment Day, observed annually on June 5th, serves as a reminder to raise awareness and initiate actions for environmental protection. However, in Kashmir, this day often gets confined to departmental and school functions, with limited practical impact. While government institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in environmental conservation, it is the collective responsibility of the inhabitants of Kashmir to safeguard their environment. Relying solely on governmental efforts is insufficient. Local communities must take proactive steps to preserve their natural resources. Grassroots involvement, community-led initiatives, and individual efforts can make a significant difference.
The government of Jammu & Kashmir's data reveals that agricultural landholding in J&K has decreased drastically. As per the 10th agriculture census (2015-16) by the Financial Commissioner Revenue J&K, the total number of operational land holdings was 14.16 lakh, operating on 8.42 lakh hectares of farmland. This was down from 14.49 lakh holdings on 8.95 lakh hectares in the 9th agriculture census (2010-11). This indicates a decrease of 2.27% in the number of holdings and 5.92% in the operating area within five years. The average holding size in 2015-16 was 0.59 hectares, which has further declined in the 2021-22 census. Unofficial figures suggest the agricultural land has shrunk further in the last five to six years and is now around 0.5 hectares. If this trend continues, it is believed that in the next 25 to 30 years, 90% of the rural population in J&K, especially in the Kashmir valley, will be landless, with concrete structures replacing agricultural land.
Heaps of plastic waste can be seen at tourist places such as Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Sonamarg, Yusmarg, and Doodhpathri. The government should seriously consider banning plastic at these tourist spots. Pilgrims visiting the Amarnath cave litter in the high-altitude mountains, where waste does not decompose easily due to freezing weather. In Srinagar city alone, around 500 metric tons of waste is generated daily, increasing during the summer tourist rush. Unfortunately, not even 10% of this waste is treated. The same situation exists in other tourist places in J&K such as Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam. Education and awareness are fundamental to fostering a culture of environmental stewardship. Schools, colleges, and community centers should integrate environmental education into their curricula, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices. Workshops, seminars, and awareness campaigns can help instill a sense of responsibility and empower individuals to take action.
One exemplary initiative in this regard is the Chinar Yuva Centre in Baramulla, established by the Indian Army's Chinar Corps. This center has taken a pioneering step in environmental conservation by setting up a plastic recycling unit. This initiative not only addresses the pressing issue of plastic pollution but also serves as a beacon of sustainable development in the region. The idea for the plastic recycling unit was conceived as part of the Indian Army's broader mission to engage with local communities and foster positive relationships. Recognizing the escalating problem of plastic waste, the Chinar Corps initiated the project with the dual aim of environmental protection and community empowerment. The recycling unit transforms plastic waste into useful products, thus reducing the environmental footprint and promoting recycling practices. One of the unique features of the Chinar Yuva Centre’s recycling unit is its educational component. The facility serves as an educational hub where local residents, particularly young people, can learn about the importance of recycling and the technical aspects of the recycling process. Regular workshops and tours are conducted to raise awareness and inspire action within the community. This educational aspect ensures that the message of sustainability reaches a broader audience and fosters a culture of environmental responsibility.
The skills and knowledge gained by working and learning at the recycling unit have empowered individuals and enhanced their capacity for future employment in the environmental sector. By providing practical training for job opportunities in environment and ecological sector, the initiative contributes to become self-reliant while simultaneously addressing environmental concerns. This dual benefit underscores the holistic approach required to tackle environmental issues. Furthermore, the initiative has strengthened the bond between the Indian Army and the local community. The positive engagement has built trust and goodwill, demonstrating the Army’s commitment to the welfare of the people and the environment. Such initiatives highlight the importance of collaborative efforts in addressing environmental challenges. Addressing the environmental challenges in Kashmir requires comprehensive policy reforms and the adoption of sustainable practices. Governments at both the state and national levels must implement stringent regulations to curb deforestation, control pollution, and manage waste effectively. Policies should incentivize sustainable agricultural practices, promote renewable energy sources, and encourage the use of eco-friendly materials.
Sustainable agriculture practices can play a crucial role in preserving the fertility of the land. Techniques such as crop rotation, organic farming, and the use of biofertilizers can enhance soil health and reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Farmers should be educated and supported in adopting these practices to ensure long-term agricultural sustainability. Effective waste management strategies are essential to tackle the growing problem of plastic and other waste materials. Establishing comprehensive recycling programs, promoting the use of biodegradable products, and implementing strict regulations on waste disposal can significantly reduce environmental pollution. Public participation in waste segregation and recycling initiatives is crucial for their success. Restoring the ecological balance in Kashmir requires concerted efforts from all stakeholders. Reforestation projects, wetland restoration, and conservation of water bodies should be prioritized. Community involvement in these initiatives can enhance their effectiveness and ensure long-term sustainability.
The natural beauty of Kashmir, often described as paradise on Earth, is under threat from environmental degradation. It is incumbent upon the inhabitants of this region, as well as the global community, to take proactive steps to preserve and protect this natural heritage. While governmental efforts are vital, individual and community actions are equally important. Every individual can contribute to environmental conservation by adopting sustainable practices in their daily lives. Simple actions such as reducing plastic use, conserving water, planting trees, and practicing proper waste disposal can collectively make a significant impact. Environmental stewardship begins at home, and each person has a role to play. Community initiatives, such as those led by the Chinar Yuva Centre, demonstrate the power of collective action. By coming together, communities can address environmental challenges more effectively and create a positive impact. Collaborative efforts, local leadership, and grassroots involvement are key to achieving long-term sustainability. Environmental issues transcend geographical boundaries, and global solidarity is essential to address them. International cooperation, knowledge sharing, and support for sustainable development projects can help regions like Kashmir overcome environmental challenges. The global community must recognize the importance of preserving natural heritage sites and provide assistance where needed. The quote "Agar Firdos Ba Roye Zameen Ast, Hameen Ast, Hameen Ast, Hameen Ast" beautifully encapsulates the essence of Kashmir's natural beauty. However, preserving this paradise requires more than words; it demands concrete actions and a collective commitment to environmental conservation. By addressing the challenges of pollution, deforestation, and climate change, and by promoting sustainable practices, we can ensure that future generations continue to experience the unparalleled beauty of Kashmir. The responsibility lies with each one of us to protect and nurture this paradise on Earth, transforming the poetic praise into a lasting reality.