BREAKING NEWS
Of the total allocation, ₹40,619.30 crore is designated as central assistance to bridge the region's resource gap. Additionally, ₹9,325.73 crore has been earmarked for the Jammu and Kashmir Police, covering both operational expenses and infrastructure development. Reactions to the budget have been mixed. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industry expressed disappointment over the reduced allocation, emphasizing concerns about funding for development projects
Allocations And Focus Areas
The Union Budget for 2025-26 introduces several significant changes compared to the 2024-25 budget, reflecting the government’s evolving priorities in response to economic conditions. One of the major differences is the increase in capital expenditure, which has been raised from ₹10.5 lakh crore in 2024-25 to ₹11.2 lakh crore in 2025-26, representing a 6.7% increase. This additional ₹70,000 crore allocation aims to accelerate infrastructure development, enhance connectivity, and improve public services. Another notable shift is the introduction of substantial personal income tax relief, with the tax exemption threshold being raised to ₹1.2 million and tax rates for higher income brackets being reduced. This is a marked departure from the previous year when no significant tax changes were introduced. By increasing disposable income, this measure is expected to boost household consumption, investment, and overall economic activity.
In the agricultural sector, the government has moved beyond subsidy-based approaches to introduce a high-yield crop program targeting 17 million farmers. Additionally, increased subsidized credit access aims to enhance agricultural productivity and farmer incomes. This is a departure from the 2024-25 budget, which focused primarily on existing subsidy schemes without introducing new productivity-enhancing programs. Similarly, the energy sector has seen a shift in focus, with ₹20,000 crore allocated for the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) under the Nuclear Energy Mission. Unlike the previous budget, which concentrated on renewable energy projects, this move signals diversification into nuclear energy, aiming to enhance long-term energy security and sustainability.Urban development remains a priority, with continued investment in the ₹1 lakh crore Urban Challenge Fund. While the 2024-25 budget initiated this fund, the 2025-26 budget expands its scope with additional programs targeting city modernization, improved water and sanitation, and sustainable infrastructure. This sustained investment is expected to improve urban living conditions and support economic growth in metropolitan areas.
Possible Impact and Market Reactions
The anticipated outcomes of these changes include a possible boost in economic growth driven by increased capital expenditure and tax relief, empowerment of the middle class through enhanced purchasing power, improved agricultural productivity ensuring food security, and enhanced energy security through investments in nuclear power. However, several challenges remain. The successful execution of these initiatives hinges on effective coordination between central and state governments and the efficient utilization of funds. Fiscal constraints pose another risk, as significant allocations and tax cuts may strain efforts to maintain the fiscal deficit at 4.4% of GDP, potentially affecting essential services. Additionally, sectoral imbalances could emerge, with certain industries or regions feeling underrepresented in budgetary allocations .Market reactions to the budget have been mixed, with some sectors welcoming the increase in capital expenditure while others, particularly in infrastructure, expressing concerns over whether the boost is sufficient to meet long-term development goals. Overall, the 2025-26 budget reflects a strategic shift towards stimulating domestic demand, empowering the middle class, and investing in key sectors like agriculture and energy. However, its success will depend on effective implementation, prudent fiscal management, and balanced support across various sectors.
Broad Sectoral Appraisal of the Budget 2025-26
The 2025 budget seems to take significant steps toward enhancing urban development, infrastructure, and sustainability, several gaps remain. The allocation of ₹1 lakh crore to the Urban Challenge Fund is a positive move, but its implementation and disbursement mechanisms need to be clarified to ensure efficient utilization. On the housing front, PMAY-Urban 2.0 is a welcome initiative, but past experiences suggest that delays in land acquisition and regulatory bottlenecks could hinder its success. The government must work closely with state and local authorities to streamline approvals and ensure faster project execution. Urban heat mitigation and disaster preparedness require more focused attention. Although infrastructure upgrades contribute to resilience, a dedicated budget for heat adaptation measures—such as urban forests, reflective building materials, and climate-responsive design—is essential to combat rising temperatures. Renewable energy investments are commendable, but ensuring equitable distribution of benefits across different urban centers remains a challenge. Cities with weaker financial capacities may struggle to adopt clean technologies without additional support from the central government. Waste management and water conservation efforts show promise, but effective implementation will depend on strong governance, regulatory enforcement, and citizen participation. The success of these initiatives will rely heavily on local governments' ability to enforce waste segregation, promote recycling, and penalize polluters. In urban transport, while metro expansion and EV incentives are positive steps, congestion pricing and better urban planning strategies are required to discourage excessive car dependency. The push for sustainable mobility should also focus on making cities more pedestrian- and cyclist-friendly.
Disaster preparedness is another crucial aspect that has received limited direct funding. While urban resilience is indirectly supported through infrastructure development and smart city initiatives, a more dedicated approach is needed to enhance early warning systems, disaster-resilient construction, and emergency response frameworks in urban areas prone to flooding, earthquakes, and other hazards. The budget has taken a progressive stance on energy, allocating ₹81,174 crore to the sector, marking an 18% increase from last year. The government is pushing for a significant transition to renewable energy, particularly through investments in solar photovoltaic cell manufacturing, electric vehicle battery production, and grid modernization. Electric mobility receives a major boost, with tax incentives for electric vehicles (EVs) and expansion of charging infrastructure in urban centers. This move aligns with the broader goal of reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. However, while these investments are promising, the challenge lies in implementing them effectively across different urban regions. With rapid urban expansion, the issue of wastewater treatment and solid waste management has become critical. The Urban Challenge Fund includes provisions for upgrading water and sanitation systems in 500 cities. Smart water management systems are expected to ensure efficient water distribution and wastewater treatment, reducing contamination and improving water security. For solid waste management, the government has introduced incentives for waste-to-energy plants and decentralized waste processing facilities. The budget encourages cities to adopt a circular economy approach, promoting recycling and composting to minimize landfill waste. However, the success of these measures depends on robust enforcement and cooperation from local governments. The budget acknowledges the importance of preserving India’s water bodies and wetlands, which serve as natural buffers against urban flooding and play a vital role in ecological balance. While there is an emphasis on water conservation through various urban development schemes, a dedicated national policy for wetland conservation remains absent. Programs such as "Mission Amrit Sarovar" aim to rejuvenate lakes and ponds, ensuring they continue to provide ecological and socio-economic benefits. The budget also promotes the restoration of urban rivers and the prevention of encroachments on water bodies. However, implementation challenges persist, particularly in high-density urban areas where land pressures make conservation efforts difficult.
Urban transport remains a crucial component of India's economic and environmental future. The budget allocates significant funding to expanding metro networks, modernizing bus fleets, and developing non-motorized transport infrastructure such as cycling tracks and pedestrian pathways. The budget promotes transit-oriented development (TOD) to encourage mixed-use urban planning, reducing dependency on private vehicles. Additionally, the expansion of electric buses and incentives for electric mobility are expected to cut down urban air pollution and traffic congestion.
Overall, the Union Budget 2025-26 reflects a strong commitment to urban development, sustainable infrastructure, and economic growth. The focus on housing, urban transport, renewable energy, and waste management presents a holistic approach to addressing India's urban challenges. However, certain areas—particularly urban heat mitigation, disaster preparedness, and wetland conservation—require stronger financial backing and policy interventions. For these initiatives to succeed, seamless coordination between the central, state, and local governments is essential. Implementation efficiency, transparent governance, and active public participation will determine whether these budget allocations translate into real progress for Indian cities. In the long run, sustained investment in sustainable urbanization will be critical in making India's cities more livable, resilient, and future-ready.
Allocation for J&K
Of the total allocation, ₹40,619.30 crore is designated as central assistance to bridge the region's resource gap. Additionally, ₹9,325.73 crore has been earmarked for the Jammu and Kashmir Police, covering both operational expenses and infrastructure development. Reactions to the budget have been mixed. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industry expressed disappointment over the reduced allocation, emphasizing concerns about funding for development projects. They did, however, appreciate the increase in the Credit Guarantee Fund for MSMEs and the enhancement of the Prime Minister’s Mudra Scheme, viewing these as beneficial for young entrepreneurs in the region. Political responses varied, with some leaders expressing satisfaction, while others criticized the budget for not providing adequate relief to the people of Jammu and Kashmir. While the budget includes measures aimed at economic stimulation and support for specific sectors, the reduction in overall allocation has raised concerns about the potential impact on development initiatives in Jammu and Kashmir.
Probable Impact of J&K Economy
The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines several initiatives that could impact various sectors in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). While there is no dedicated revival package for J&K's tourism industry, the budget emphasizes tourism infrastructure across India, and industry leaders in the region have called for specific support. In agriculture and agro-industries, the government has introduced a six-year program to boost pulses and cotton production, aiming to reduce import dependence and support farmers, which could benefit J&K’s agricultural sector. To address climate change, the budget proposes investments in clean technology manufacturing, including solar photovoltaic cells, electric vehicle batteries, and other renewable energy technologies. In connectivity, the modified UDAN Scheme will connect 120 new destinations, potentially improving air travel and boosting tourism and trade in J&K. In healthcare, the exemption of basic customs duty on 36 life-saving medicines, including cancer drugs, is expected to make essential treatments more affordable and accessible to patients in the region. For employment, the new "Focus Product Scheme" in the footwear and leather industry is expected to generate 2.2 million jobs, which could open opportunities for J&K residents. The energy sector has received an ₹81,174 crore allocation, an 18% increase from last year, aimed at supporting clean technology manufacturing and infrastructure, potentially improving energy access in the region.
Overall, the budget includes measures such as tax relief for the middle class, incentives for electric vehicles and renewable energy, and support for the agricultural ecosystem, all of which could contribute to economic growth in J&K. However, concerns have been raised regarding the reduction in central assistance and the lack of a specific financial boost for J&K’s tourism sector. The Union Budget 2025-26 has allocated ₹41,000.07 crore to Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), a slight decrease from the previous year's ₹42,277.74 crore. This reduction has raised concerns about its potential impact on addressing the region's pressing unemployment issues. The budget maintains the allocation for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) at ₹860 billion nationwide. While this scheme provides rural employment opportunities, its effectiveness in significantly reducing unemployment in J&K remains uncertain. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce & Industry (KCC&I) has expressed concerns over the reduced budget allocation and the absence of a special economic package to revitalize the struggling industrial sector. They had anticipated an increase of at least 20–25% to support development and fund inflows in the region. The reduction raises serious concerns about how development will take place and how funds will be generated for various sectors.
The Union Budget 2025-26 includes measures that could indirectly benefit J&K, such as support for MSMEs and rural employment schemes, it lacks targeted initiatives to directly address the region's significant unemployment challenges. The reduction in overall allocation and the absence of a dedicated economic package have led to concerns about the effectiveness of the budget in mitigating unemployment in J&K. In anticipation of the Union Budget 2025-26, many in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) hoped for increased financial support to address the region's unique challenges. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) had anticipated a special economic revival package to rejuvenate the local economy. Business leaders also expressed a desire for initiatives to revitalize trade, alleviate financial burdens, and boost tourism. However, the budget allocated ₹41,000.07 crore to J&K, a decrease from the previous year's ₹42,273.78 crore. This reduction fell short of the expected 20% increase in central assistance, leading to concerns about funding for development projects. The absence of a dedicated economic revival package further disappointed local stakeholders. Reactions to the budget were mixed. While some appreciated measures like tax relief for the middle class, others felt that the budget did not adequately address the specific needs of J&K, particularly in terms of economic stimulus and support for struggling sectors.
Disillusionment of J&K People
People from all spheres of life were expectant for increase in financial support and targeted initiatives to address J&K's unique challenges, the Union Budget 2025-26 did not fully meet these anticipations and expectations .. Most people consider reduction a regressive measure which may slow the economy and result into increased unemployment and distress. The budget 2025 contrastingly leading to a blend of optimism and concern among the region's residents, business community and men at helm which has more or less dismayed the them. However, the actual impact on the local economy will depend on how effectively these initiatives are implemented and whether they are tailored to the J&K’s unique needs. Despite regressed allocations the budget provides hope for economic growth and some job creation, the local population has every reason that their specific needs particularly in terms of employment schemes and local industry support have not been addressed adequately. Thus, while there are positive provisions there remain a significant gap between expectations, outcomes especially in terms of addressing the specific challenges faced by the people of Jammu &Kashmir.
Email:------------------ hamwani24@gmail.com
Of the total allocation, ₹40,619.30 crore is designated as central assistance to bridge the region's resource gap. Additionally, ₹9,325.73 crore has been earmarked for the Jammu and Kashmir Police, covering both operational expenses and infrastructure development. Reactions to the budget have been mixed. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industry expressed disappointment over the reduced allocation, emphasizing concerns about funding for development projects
Allocations And Focus Areas
The Union Budget for 2025-26 introduces several significant changes compared to the 2024-25 budget, reflecting the government’s evolving priorities in response to economic conditions. One of the major differences is the increase in capital expenditure, which has been raised from ₹10.5 lakh crore in 2024-25 to ₹11.2 lakh crore in 2025-26, representing a 6.7% increase. This additional ₹70,000 crore allocation aims to accelerate infrastructure development, enhance connectivity, and improve public services. Another notable shift is the introduction of substantial personal income tax relief, with the tax exemption threshold being raised to ₹1.2 million and tax rates for higher income brackets being reduced. This is a marked departure from the previous year when no significant tax changes were introduced. By increasing disposable income, this measure is expected to boost household consumption, investment, and overall economic activity.
In the agricultural sector, the government has moved beyond subsidy-based approaches to introduce a high-yield crop program targeting 17 million farmers. Additionally, increased subsidized credit access aims to enhance agricultural productivity and farmer incomes. This is a departure from the 2024-25 budget, which focused primarily on existing subsidy schemes without introducing new productivity-enhancing programs. Similarly, the energy sector has seen a shift in focus, with ₹20,000 crore allocated for the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) under the Nuclear Energy Mission. Unlike the previous budget, which concentrated on renewable energy projects, this move signals diversification into nuclear energy, aiming to enhance long-term energy security and sustainability.Urban development remains a priority, with continued investment in the ₹1 lakh crore Urban Challenge Fund. While the 2024-25 budget initiated this fund, the 2025-26 budget expands its scope with additional programs targeting city modernization, improved water and sanitation, and sustainable infrastructure. This sustained investment is expected to improve urban living conditions and support economic growth in metropolitan areas.
Possible Impact and Market Reactions
The anticipated outcomes of these changes include a possible boost in economic growth driven by increased capital expenditure and tax relief, empowerment of the middle class through enhanced purchasing power, improved agricultural productivity ensuring food security, and enhanced energy security through investments in nuclear power. However, several challenges remain. The successful execution of these initiatives hinges on effective coordination between central and state governments and the efficient utilization of funds. Fiscal constraints pose another risk, as significant allocations and tax cuts may strain efforts to maintain the fiscal deficit at 4.4% of GDP, potentially affecting essential services. Additionally, sectoral imbalances could emerge, with certain industries or regions feeling underrepresented in budgetary allocations .Market reactions to the budget have been mixed, with some sectors welcoming the increase in capital expenditure while others, particularly in infrastructure, expressing concerns over whether the boost is sufficient to meet long-term development goals. Overall, the 2025-26 budget reflects a strategic shift towards stimulating domestic demand, empowering the middle class, and investing in key sectors like agriculture and energy. However, its success will depend on effective implementation, prudent fiscal management, and balanced support across various sectors.
Broad Sectoral Appraisal of the Budget 2025-26
The 2025 budget seems to take significant steps toward enhancing urban development, infrastructure, and sustainability, several gaps remain. The allocation of ₹1 lakh crore to the Urban Challenge Fund is a positive move, but its implementation and disbursement mechanisms need to be clarified to ensure efficient utilization. On the housing front, PMAY-Urban 2.0 is a welcome initiative, but past experiences suggest that delays in land acquisition and regulatory bottlenecks could hinder its success. The government must work closely with state and local authorities to streamline approvals and ensure faster project execution. Urban heat mitigation and disaster preparedness require more focused attention. Although infrastructure upgrades contribute to resilience, a dedicated budget for heat adaptation measures—such as urban forests, reflective building materials, and climate-responsive design—is essential to combat rising temperatures. Renewable energy investments are commendable, but ensuring equitable distribution of benefits across different urban centers remains a challenge. Cities with weaker financial capacities may struggle to adopt clean technologies without additional support from the central government. Waste management and water conservation efforts show promise, but effective implementation will depend on strong governance, regulatory enforcement, and citizen participation. The success of these initiatives will rely heavily on local governments' ability to enforce waste segregation, promote recycling, and penalize polluters. In urban transport, while metro expansion and EV incentives are positive steps, congestion pricing and better urban planning strategies are required to discourage excessive car dependency. The push for sustainable mobility should also focus on making cities more pedestrian- and cyclist-friendly.
Disaster preparedness is another crucial aspect that has received limited direct funding. While urban resilience is indirectly supported through infrastructure development and smart city initiatives, a more dedicated approach is needed to enhance early warning systems, disaster-resilient construction, and emergency response frameworks in urban areas prone to flooding, earthquakes, and other hazards. The budget has taken a progressive stance on energy, allocating ₹81,174 crore to the sector, marking an 18% increase from last year. The government is pushing for a significant transition to renewable energy, particularly through investments in solar photovoltaic cell manufacturing, electric vehicle battery production, and grid modernization. Electric mobility receives a major boost, with tax incentives for electric vehicles (EVs) and expansion of charging infrastructure in urban centers. This move aligns with the broader goal of reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. However, while these investments are promising, the challenge lies in implementing them effectively across different urban regions. With rapid urban expansion, the issue of wastewater treatment and solid waste management has become critical. The Urban Challenge Fund includes provisions for upgrading water and sanitation systems in 500 cities. Smart water management systems are expected to ensure efficient water distribution and wastewater treatment, reducing contamination and improving water security. For solid waste management, the government has introduced incentives for waste-to-energy plants and decentralized waste processing facilities. The budget encourages cities to adopt a circular economy approach, promoting recycling and composting to minimize landfill waste. However, the success of these measures depends on robust enforcement and cooperation from local governments. The budget acknowledges the importance of preserving India’s water bodies and wetlands, which serve as natural buffers against urban flooding and play a vital role in ecological balance. While there is an emphasis on water conservation through various urban development schemes, a dedicated national policy for wetland conservation remains absent. Programs such as "Mission Amrit Sarovar" aim to rejuvenate lakes and ponds, ensuring they continue to provide ecological and socio-economic benefits. The budget also promotes the restoration of urban rivers and the prevention of encroachments on water bodies. However, implementation challenges persist, particularly in high-density urban areas where land pressures make conservation efforts difficult.
Urban transport remains a crucial component of India's economic and environmental future. The budget allocates significant funding to expanding metro networks, modernizing bus fleets, and developing non-motorized transport infrastructure such as cycling tracks and pedestrian pathways. The budget promotes transit-oriented development (TOD) to encourage mixed-use urban planning, reducing dependency on private vehicles. Additionally, the expansion of electric buses and incentives for electric mobility are expected to cut down urban air pollution and traffic congestion.
Overall, the Union Budget 2025-26 reflects a strong commitment to urban development, sustainable infrastructure, and economic growth. The focus on housing, urban transport, renewable energy, and waste management presents a holistic approach to addressing India's urban challenges. However, certain areas—particularly urban heat mitigation, disaster preparedness, and wetland conservation—require stronger financial backing and policy interventions. For these initiatives to succeed, seamless coordination between the central, state, and local governments is essential. Implementation efficiency, transparent governance, and active public participation will determine whether these budget allocations translate into real progress for Indian cities. In the long run, sustained investment in sustainable urbanization will be critical in making India's cities more livable, resilient, and future-ready.
Allocation for J&K
Of the total allocation, ₹40,619.30 crore is designated as central assistance to bridge the region's resource gap. Additionally, ₹9,325.73 crore has been earmarked for the Jammu and Kashmir Police, covering both operational expenses and infrastructure development. Reactions to the budget have been mixed. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industry expressed disappointment over the reduced allocation, emphasizing concerns about funding for development projects. They did, however, appreciate the increase in the Credit Guarantee Fund for MSMEs and the enhancement of the Prime Minister’s Mudra Scheme, viewing these as beneficial for young entrepreneurs in the region. Political responses varied, with some leaders expressing satisfaction, while others criticized the budget for not providing adequate relief to the people of Jammu and Kashmir. While the budget includes measures aimed at economic stimulation and support for specific sectors, the reduction in overall allocation has raised concerns about the potential impact on development initiatives in Jammu and Kashmir.
Probable Impact of J&K Economy
The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines several initiatives that could impact various sectors in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). While there is no dedicated revival package for J&K's tourism industry, the budget emphasizes tourism infrastructure across India, and industry leaders in the region have called for specific support. In agriculture and agro-industries, the government has introduced a six-year program to boost pulses and cotton production, aiming to reduce import dependence and support farmers, which could benefit J&K’s agricultural sector. To address climate change, the budget proposes investments in clean technology manufacturing, including solar photovoltaic cells, electric vehicle batteries, and other renewable energy technologies. In connectivity, the modified UDAN Scheme will connect 120 new destinations, potentially improving air travel and boosting tourism and trade in J&K. In healthcare, the exemption of basic customs duty on 36 life-saving medicines, including cancer drugs, is expected to make essential treatments more affordable and accessible to patients in the region. For employment, the new "Focus Product Scheme" in the footwear and leather industry is expected to generate 2.2 million jobs, which could open opportunities for J&K residents. The energy sector has received an ₹81,174 crore allocation, an 18% increase from last year, aimed at supporting clean technology manufacturing and infrastructure, potentially improving energy access in the region.
Overall, the budget includes measures such as tax relief for the middle class, incentives for electric vehicles and renewable energy, and support for the agricultural ecosystem, all of which could contribute to economic growth in J&K. However, concerns have been raised regarding the reduction in central assistance and the lack of a specific financial boost for J&K’s tourism sector. The Union Budget 2025-26 has allocated ₹41,000.07 crore to Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), a slight decrease from the previous year's ₹42,277.74 crore. This reduction has raised concerns about its potential impact on addressing the region's pressing unemployment issues. The budget maintains the allocation for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) at ₹860 billion nationwide. While this scheme provides rural employment opportunities, its effectiveness in significantly reducing unemployment in J&K remains uncertain. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce & Industry (KCC&I) has expressed concerns over the reduced budget allocation and the absence of a special economic package to revitalize the struggling industrial sector. They had anticipated an increase of at least 20–25% to support development and fund inflows in the region. The reduction raises serious concerns about how development will take place and how funds will be generated for various sectors.
The Union Budget 2025-26 includes measures that could indirectly benefit J&K, such as support for MSMEs and rural employment schemes, it lacks targeted initiatives to directly address the region's significant unemployment challenges. The reduction in overall allocation and the absence of a dedicated economic package have led to concerns about the effectiveness of the budget in mitigating unemployment in J&K. In anticipation of the Union Budget 2025-26, many in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) hoped for increased financial support to address the region's unique challenges. The Kashmir Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI) had anticipated a special economic revival package to rejuvenate the local economy. Business leaders also expressed a desire for initiatives to revitalize trade, alleviate financial burdens, and boost tourism. However, the budget allocated ₹41,000.07 crore to J&K, a decrease from the previous year's ₹42,273.78 crore. This reduction fell short of the expected 20% increase in central assistance, leading to concerns about funding for development projects. The absence of a dedicated economic revival package further disappointed local stakeholders. Reactions to the budget were mixed. While some appreciated measures like tax relief for the middle class, others felt that the budget did not adequately address the specific needs of J&K, particularly in terms of economic stimulus and support for struggling sectors.
Disillusionment of J&K People
People from all spheres of life were expectant for increase in financial support and targeted initiatives to address J&K's unique challenges, the Union Budget 2025-26 did not fully meet these anticipations and expectations .. Most people consider reduction a regressive measure which may slow the economy and result into increased unemployment and distress. The budget 2025 contrastingly leading to a blend of optimism and concern among the region's residents, business community and men at helm which has more or less dismayed the them. However, the actual impact on the local economy will depend on how effectively these initiatives are implemented and whether they are tailored to the J&K’s unique needs. Despite regressed allocations the budget provides hope for economic growth and some job creation, the local population has every reason that their specific needs particularly in terms of employment schemes and local industry support have not been addressed adequately. Thus, while there are positive provisions there remain a significant gap between expectations, outcomes especially in terms of addressing the specific challenges faced by the people of Jammu &Kashmir.
Email:------------------ hamwani24@gmail.com
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